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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Tobacco and art ： ウィキペディア英語版 Tobacco and art Tobacco and art ==Maya Art== Mayas were perhaps the first people to represent tobacco smoking in art. Mayas smoked heavily, and they believed that their gods did too.〔Robicsek, Francis. "Tobacco and Religion." The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History, and Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1978. 27-36. Print.〕 Religious rituals often involved tobacco: offerings were given to certain gods and tobacco smoke warded off evil deities.〔 Many tribes viewed tobacco as a supernatural, magical substance (perhaps because of its strong physiological and sometimes hallucinogenic effects).〔 Because of tobacco’s significance, it is not surprising that Mayas produced artistic representations of smoking.〔 The artwork mostly portrays religious rituals and myths involving gods or lords because ordinary people and actions were considered too unimportant and unworthy for time consuming art pieces.〔Robicsek, Francis. "The Classification of Archaeological Material." The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History, and Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1978. 111-13. Print.〕 Numerous depictions of smoking can be found from the Classic epoch (3rd through 8th centuries). Though what substance deities and people are smoking cannot be said for certain, scholars generally conclude that the smoked substance is tobacco after studying archaeological materials.〔 The representations are occasionally confusing as the Mayas portrayed smoke and cigars in varied ways.〔 Smoke can be illustrated with black dots, black and red dots (with red indicating sparks), converging scrolls, or converging coils.〔〔Robicsek, Francis. "Scenes Almost Certainly Representing the Act of Smoking." The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History, and Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1978. 114-45. Print.〕 Although, converging scrolls also sometimes represent foliage, speech, fire, smells, and other things.〔 Cigars are usually funnel-shaped (or torch-shaped) and vary greatly in size.〔 Cigarettes (small, slender cigars in this case) resemble modern cigarettes (narrow, long rectangles) or elongated ovals.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tobacco and art」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.